公开课回顾：两会热门翻译 聚焦两会学英语

欢迎您访问52ij英汉互译网，今天小编为你分享的英语知识是：【公开课回顾：两会热门翻译 聚焦两会学英语】，下面是详细的分享！

公开课回顾：两会热门翻译 聚焦两会学英语

2013年全国两会在三月份召开，两会的重点内容和热门新闻都是各大媒体争相报道的焦点。而对于英语学习者来说，政府工作报告、答记者问和两会热点话题等 内容的翻译，还有两会上出现的优秀翻译员们，则是我们的关注重点。52ij英汉互译网紧扣时事学英语，邀请到策马翻译培训的Grace Pan老师带大家聚焦两会学热门翻译。

【课程回顾】

两会 Lianghui / Two sessions
NPC (National People’s Conference)
CPPCC (Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference)

1. 政府工作报告、答记者问常用短语翻译

Highlights: Premier Wen's government work report2013年温家宝政府工作报告摘要

MAJOR TARGETS FOR 20132013年政府主要工作目标

-- Gross domestic product (GDP) grows about 7.5 percent.国内生产总值预期目标是增长7.5%左右

-- Consumer Price Index (CPI) increase will be kept around 3.5 percent.居民消费价格涨幅3.5%左右

-- A deficit of 1.2 trillion yuan (190.48 billion U.S. dollars) is projected, 400 billion more than the budgeted figure last year and accounting for 2 percent of GDP.今年拟安排财政赤字1.2万亿元（$1904.8亿），比去年预算增加4000亿元，占GDP的2%

-- Add more than 9 million urban jobs. 城镇新增就业900万人以上

-- Keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6 percent.城镇登记失业率低于4.6%

-- The government will work to ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth.城乡居民人均收入实际增长与经济增长同步

FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICIES FOR 20132013年继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策

-- China will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. The government will give priority to education, medical and health care, social security and other weak areas that are important to people's wellbeing.继续实施积极的财政政策。优先发展教育、医疗和和健康护理、社会安全和其它与民生息息相关的薄弱领域。

-- China will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy. The target for growth of the broad money supply (M2) is about 13 percent.继续实施稳健的货币政策。广义货币M2预期增长目标拟定为13%左右。

M0：流通中现金，即在银行体系以外流通的现金； ?　　
M1：狭义货币供应量，即M。＋企事业单位活期存款； ?　　
M2：广义货币供应量，即M1＋企事业单位定期存款＋居民储蓄存款。

PROGRESS IN PAST FIVE YEARS过去五年工作回顾

-- China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, now the world' s second most, by an average annual growth of 9.3 percent.国内生产总值从26.6万亿元增加到51.9万亿元，跃升到世界第二位，年均增长9.3%。

-- Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.公共财政收入从5.1万亿元增加到11.7万亿元

-- The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by 8.8 percent annually, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9 percent.城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别增长8.8%、9.9%

-- Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 17.2 percent.单位国内生产总值能耗下降17.2%

-- Total chemical oxygen demand, a key index for water quality, fell by 15.7 percent.化学需氧量排放总量下降15.7%

-- Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5 percent.二氧化硫排放总量排放总量下降17.5%

-- The government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years and increased annually by 21.58 percent to reach 4 percent of GDP in 2012.国家财政性教育经费支出五年累计7.79万亿元，年均增长21.58%，2012年占国内生产总值比例达到4%

-- The basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents, with a total of 790 million people joining various old-age insurance schemes.城乡居民基本养老保险实现了制度全覆盖，各项养老保险参保达到7.9亿人。

-- A basic medical insurance system that covers the whole population is taking shape, and over 1.3 billion people are now covered by different medical insurance schemes.全民基本医保体系初步形成，各项医疗保险参保超过13亿人

-- The average life expectancy reached 75 years.人均预期寿命达到75岁

WHAT TO DO THIS YEAR2013年工作计划

-- This year, basic pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by 10 percent, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised.今年企业退休人员基本养老金继续提高10%，城乡低保和优抚对象补助标准也进一步提高

-- The country will conduct a pilot project to insure against childhood leukemia and 19 other serious diseases.全面开展儿童白血病等20种重大疾病保障试点工作

-- This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively.今年新农合和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年240元提高到280元

-- The per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准由25元提高到30元。

-- This year the country will complete 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units, start construction of another 6.3 million units and continue to renew dilapidated rural houses.今年城镇保障性住房基本建成470万套、新开工630万套，继续推进农村危房改造。

2. 两会热门话题热词翻译

（1）两会热点问题——经济

收入分配 income distribution
收入分配制度改革 reform of income distribution mechanisms
隐性收入 hidden income
非法收入 illegal income
城乡居民收入差距较大 huge income gap between rural and urban residents
人均实际收入 average real income
中等收入群体 the middle-income group

扶贫对象those living under the poverty line
控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control)?
吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment?
促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation?
创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)?
刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic need?
加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition?
为当地人带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to the local people

稳定物价 price stabilization
stable stabilize stability stabilization
实施宏观经济政策carry out macroeconomic policies
供求基本平衡 basic equilibrium in supply and demand
防止物价反弹 prevent inflation from rebounding

（2）两会热点问题——政治

中国梦 Chinese dream

“We must make persistent efforts, press ahead with indomitable will, continue to push forward the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to achieve the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.”习近平主席在全国人大第十二届一次会议闭幕讲话中说：“我们必须再接再厉、一往无前，继续把中国特色社会主义事业推向前进，继续为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而努力奋斗。”

大部制改革 restructure central government offices / overhaul
职能交叉 duplication of functions
重复监管 overlapping management
效率低下和官僚作风 inefficiency and bureaucracy
腐败和渎职现象 corruption and dereliction of duty

反腐倡廉 anti-graft / anti-corruption

We must have the resolution to fight every corrupt phenomenon, punish every corrupt official and constantly eradicate the soil which breeds corruption, so as to earn people's trust with actual results.我们要坚定决心，有腐必反、有贪必肃，不断铲除腐败现象滋生蔓延的土壤，以实际成效取信于民。

国防建设 building of national defense
统筹经济建设和国防建设 to balance economic development and national defense
完成多样化军事任务 accomplish a diverse array of military tasks
领土完整 territorial integrity
执勤、处置突发事件、反恐维稳能力 ability to enforce law, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability
国防预算 defense budget
边界地区 frontier region, border region?
边界谈判 boundary negotiation?
公认的国际关系原则 generally-accepted principles of international relations?

领土管辖权 territorial jurisdiction?
领土毗连 territorial contiguity?
领土完整 territorial integrity?
全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器 complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons?
唯一合法政府 sole legal government?
有争议的地区 disputed areas?
中立国 neutral state, neutralized state?
主权国家 sovereign state?
专属经济区 exclusive economic zone?
保卫国家主权和民族资源 to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources?
用和平手段解决争端 to solve disputes by peaceful means?

（3）两会热点问题——民生

社会保障 social security
社保基金 social insurance funding
养老保险制度 pension system
住房保障 housing security
房地产开发商 real estate developer
囤地 land reserve
地王 land king
土地资源 land resource
购房限制政策 restrictive policy on home purchase
提高首付 higher down payment requirement
房产税 property tax
新国五条 the “five new measures” announced by the State Council

房价控制目标 improve the responsibility to stabilize the housing prices.
限购 strict implementation of Housing Purchase Restrictions in regions with surging housing prices
二套房贷政策 implement differentiated lending policies while permitting local PBOC bureaus to raise down payments and lending rates for second-home loans, especially in regions with surging home prices;
二手房交易税 expanded trials of the property tax; reiteration of the “20% personal capital gains tax” levied on home transactions with properly recognized original values
保障性住房 accelerate the planning and construction of affordable housing projects.

商品房：commercial residential building
廉租房：low-rent housing
经适房：affordable housing
限价房：price-fixed housing
人才保障房：social security housing for talents
保障性住房：indemnificatory housing
公共租赁住房/公租房：public rental housing

医疗改革 health care reform
基本医保体系 basic healthcare insurance system
新农合医保体系 new rural cooperative medical care system
医疗费用 medical expenditure
符合条件的商业保险机构 qualified commercial insurers
筹资 fundraising
报销 reimbursement
公立医院改革public hospital reform
挂号费registration fee
诊疗费consultation fee
医事服务费medical service fee

城市社区卫生服务中心 community health service centers in urban areas?
城镇职工基本医疗保险制度 basic medical insurance system for urban employees?
国家食品药品监督管理局 State Food and Drug Administration
基本医疗卫生服务 basic medicare and health service?
假劣药品 counterfeit and low-quality drugs?
劳保医疗制度 labor medicare system?

全国公共卫生体系 national public health system?
食品卫生法 Food Hygiene Law?
突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系 medical treatment system for public health emergencies?
推进医院后勤服务的社会化 commercialize logistic service in medical institutions?
卫生防疫站 sanitation and anti-epidemic station?
药品生产流通体制 pharmaceutical production and distribution system?
政府公共卫生管理职能 government’s role in public health administration

大城市病 metropolitan/urban malaise

"We need to prevent the urban malaise and avoid the situation in which high-rises co-exist with shantytowns."李克强总理在答中外记者问时说：“要注意防止城市病,不能一边是高楼林立,一边是棚户连片。”

食品药品安全 food and drug safety

亚硝酸盐 nitrite
防腐剂 preservative/ antiseptics
增味剂 flavor agent/enhancer
漂白剂 bleach
甜味剂 sweetener
着色剂 colorant / coloring agent
色素 pigment
香料 spices
农药残留 pesticide residue
农药超标 excessive pesticide
膨大剂 swelling agent
催熟剂 ripening agent
问题胶囊 toxic capsule
工业明胶 industrial gelatin
药用胶囊 drug capsule
铬污染胶囊 chromium-contaminated capsules
染色馒头 tainted steamed buns

PM 2.5 particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter 可入肺颗粒物

3. 温家宝总理答记者问古文翻译

2012年：“入则恳恳以尽忠，出则谦谦以自悔”

【出处】出自元代张养浩《为政忠告》书，又名《三事忠告》之《庙堂忠告-献纳第九》一章。原文为“臣之於君也，入则恳恳以尽忠，出则谦谦以自悔，凡所白於上者，不可泄於外而伐诸人，善则归君，过则归己。”

【释义】臣是为君的，为官则要勤勤恳恳以尽忠，离任则要恭恭谦谦以自省，凡是明白上面说的，不要有错泄愤于地方官怪罪别人，应该要把功劳归结于君，过错归结于自己。

【英译】Officials should serve as loyal as they can conscientiously when they are in office and engage in modest self-reflection when their terms end.

2011年：“召远在修近，闭祸在除怨”

【出处】出自《管子-版法》，节选自“法天合德，象法无亲，参于日月，佐于四时。悦在施，有众在废私，召远在修近，闭祸在除怨。修长在乎任贤，高安在乎同利”。

【释义】召远：招纳远方的人；修：整治；近：指国内；闭：堵塞；除怨：消除民怨。要招纳远方的人们，就要先整治好国内；要避免祸乱的发生，在于消除人怨。

【英译】To win distant friends, one needs, first of all, to have good relations with his neighbors. To avoid adversity, one needs to ease animosity.

2010年：“时进则进，时退则退，动静不失其时”

【出处】语出《彖传》。原文为：“艮，止也。时止则止，时行则行，动静不失其时，其道光明。艮其止，止其所也。上下敌应，不相与也。是以不获其身，行其庭不见其人，无咎也。” 《彖传》为易传中的一部分，是解释六十四卦卦辞的。

【释义】该静止的时候，必须要静止；该行动的时候，必须要行动。不论是静止，还是行动，都要掌握好时机。

【英译】Timing is essential in deciding at what time one should act and at what time one should stay put.

2009年：“取火莫若取燧，汲水莫若凿井”

【出处】西汉初年淮南王刘安等编著《淮南子-卷六览冥训》“河九折注于海，而不绝者，昆仑之输也，潦水不泄，瀇瀁极望，旬月不雨则涸而枯泽，受瀷而无源者。譬若羿请不死之药于西王母，姮娥窃以奔月，怅然有丧，无以续之。何则？不知不死之药所由生也。是故乞火不若取燧，寄汲不若凿井。 ”

【释义】指求取火种不如自己去使用打火的燧石，想得到水不如自己去凿井。不要单纯地想获得结果，而要学会如何获得。

【英译】But we know full well that we would better fetch a flint than beg for lightwood and we would better dig a well for ourselves than beg for water from others.

2008年：“周虽旧邦，其命惟新” “如将不尽，与古为新”

【出处】前者出自《诗经-大雅》，后者出自唐司空图《诗品》。

【释义】“周虽旧邦，其命惟新”大意是“周朝虽然是旧的国家，但却禀受了新的使命”；“如将不尽，与古为新”原文说的是文艺创作中的体会，说大自然美景难以穷尽，只要深入体察，就能不断创新诗境。

【英译】Though the Zhou Dynasty is old, it takes on new missions. If we learn from the past, which is an inexhaustible source, we can get something new.

4. 最新资料：李克强总理答记者问>>>

谈政府削权
On Curbing Government Power

“我们要有壮士断腕的决心”
We should have the determination to cut the wrist like brave warriors。

谈全面改革
On Comprehensive reforms

“再深的水我们也得趟，因为别无选择”。
"However deep the water may be, we will wade into it because we have no alternative."

谈机构改革
On Government reforms
“市场能办的，多放给市场。社会可以做好的，就交给社会。政府管住、管好它应该管的事。”
"We need to leave to the market and society what they can do well. The government needs to manage well the matters that fall under its supervision."

谈环境问题
On Environment
“一段时期以来，北京、实际上中国东部比较大范围出现雾霾天气，我和大家一样，心情都很沉重。对这一长期积累形成的问题，我们要下更大的决心，以更大的作为去进行治理。”
"I feel upset (about the smog that recently shrouded Beijing and large parts of the country's eastern areas). To tackle the problems, we need an iron fist, firm resolution and tough measures."

谈廉洁从政
On Clean governance

“自古有所谓‘为官发财，应当两道’。”
"Pursuing government office and making money have been 'two separate paths' since ancient times."

谈两岸关系
On Cross-Straits ties

“打断骨头连着筋，同胞之间，同族之情，没有打不开的结。”
"Bones may be broken but not the sinews, because we are fellow compatriots. Between us there is no knot that cannot be undone."

谈中美关系
On Ties with the US

“不同大国之间的冲突并不是必然定律。只要我们相互尊重对方的重大关切，管控好分歧，就可以使共同利益超越分歧。”
"I don't believe conflicts between big powers are inevitable. Shared interests often override their disputes."

谈中国黑客攻击美国行为
On Accusation of Chinese hacker attacks against the United States

“我想我们还是少一些没有根据的相互指责，多做一些维护网络安全的实事。”
"We should not make groundless accusations against each other and should spend more time doing practical things that will contribute to cybersecurity."

谈环境污染和食品安全
On Tackling pollution and food safety problems

“要打造中国经济的升级版，就包括在发展中要让人民呼吸洁净的空气，饮用安全的水，食用放心食品。“
"We will upgrade China's economic development model to enable people to enjoy clean air and safe drinking water and food."

谈可持续发展
On Sustainable development

“中国有13亿多人口，实现现代化还有很长的路要走，需要持久的国际和平环境。”
"There are more than 1.3 billion people in this country, and we are still on a long journey toward modernization. That requires an international environment of lasting peace."

谈大陆和香港地区的合作
On Cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong

“香港同胞勤劳、智慧，香港社会包容、开放、充满活力。”
"Hong Kong compatriots are hardworking and smart. Hong Kong society is open, inclusive and vigorous."

谈新政府首要任务
On Top tasks of the new cabinet

“偌大个中国要解决的事很多，如果说主要问题的话，首位还是持续发展经济。”
"In a country as vast as China, we have a lot of tasks to fulfill. As for the most important one, I think it is to facilitate the continuous growth of the economy."

谈服务人民服务宪法
On Serving the people and Constitution

“我们将忠诚于宪法，忠实于人民，以民之所望为施政所向。”
"We will be true to the Constitution and loyal to the people, and the people's wish will point the direction of our government's efforts.