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【博雅双语名家名作】厉以宁：中国经济改革发展之路（一）
中国经济改革发展之路Economic Reform and Development the Chinese Way
作者介绍：厉以宁，北京大学教授、博士生导师。他的经济理论对我国30年来的经济改革与发展产生了深远影响。
内容简介：收选厉以宁教授的16篇论文，反映了作者改革开放以来的主要学术观点，精辟阐述中国经济改革中的重大议题等。资深翻译家凌原翻译，附经济学术语对照表。
论教育在经济增长中的作用The role of education in economic growth
两年前，我在《技术教育和资本主义工业化：西欧和美国技术力量形成问题研究》一文（1978年北京大学“五四”科学讨论会上的报告，发表于《社会 科学战线》1978年第4期）中，曾从经济史的角度对教育同经济增长的关系作过一些分析。在那篇文章里，我所着重考察的是：教育是培养一国技术力量的主要 途径；后进国家提高经济增长率以及在经济上赶上和超过先进国家的原因之一就是重视教育、重视人才的培养。关于教育在经济增长中的作用，在该文中归纳为以下 五点：In my speech “Technology education and capitalist industrialization: a study of the rise of technological power in Western Europe and America,” I dwelled on the relationship between education and economic growth in light of economic history. What I was driving at was that education is a major recourse for nations to groom technological personnel, and that only by putting a premium on education and the cultivation of talents can less developed nations boost their economic growth rates and catch up with and surpass the developed countries. As I put it in that speech, the role of education in economic growth has five aspects:
第一，它向社会提供一支能在科学上有发现、发明，在生产技术上有创新、变革的科学研究和设计队伍。如果没有这样一支队伍，在科学技术上至多只能步别国的后尘，很难取得重大的突破。“ First, education provides society with a supply of researchers and designers who can venture into the unknown, innovating in science, renovating and transforming productive technology. Without such contingents, the best a nation can do is to tag along after other nations, but in that way you cannot score major breakthroughs in science and technology.
第二，它向社会提供一支能掌握和运用先进生产方法的技术队伍。如果没有这样一支队伍，即使有了先进的生产工具和生产方法，它们也不可能充分发挥作用。“Second, education provides society with engineers and technicians who can master and apply advanced means of production. Without such technocrats, even if a nation has acquired sophisticated tools of production, it cannot put them to best use.
第三，它向社会提供一支适应于工业化水平的生产和技术管理人员的队伍。如果没有这样一支队伍，就会造成生产过程中人力、物力、财力的巨大浪费，就不能发挥先进生产技术的优越性。”Third, education brings forth production and technology managers well adapted to society’s level of industrialization. Without teams of such managers, the production process can be prone to colossal waste in human, material and financial resources, making it impossible to benefit from the superiority of advanced productive technology.
第四，它提高全社会的科学文化水平，为新产品的推广使用、为先进科学技术知识的普及和提高准备条件，同时也为今后技术力量的成长提供广阔的基础，为源源不断的高质量的科研人员、工程技术人员、管理人员和熟练工人的供给提供保证。“Fourth, education enhances society’s scientific and cultural attainment, and sets the stage for promoting new products and disseminating and upgrading knowledge in science and technology. At the same time, education also lays the groundwork for the future growth of a nation’s technological prowess, and guarantees the supply of a constant stream of high-caliber researchers, engineers and managers, and skilled workers.
第五，它使社会积累起来的科学知识和生产经验得以保存和传播，这种传播可以不受国界的限制，也不受时间的限制。累积起来的科学知识和生产经验作为人类共同财富，通过教育从一个民族传播给另一个民族，从这一代传播给下一代。“”Fifth, education enables society to preserve and disseminate its accumulation of scientific knowledge and productive experience free from barriers of time and space and national boundaries. It is through education that such accumulated knowledge and experience are spread from one nation to another and from one generation to another as humanity’s shared assets.”
本文以两年前发表的那篇文章为基础，继续考察教育同经济增长的关系。但这两篇文章的着重点有所不同。前一篇文章分析教育在促进一国经济增长和提高 经济增长率方面的重要作用，本文分析教育在保证一国经济稳定、持续增长，以及有效地解决经济增长过程中发生的或可能发生的各种问题方面的重要作用。换言 之，前一篇文章考察的范围在于经济增长本身，本文考察的范围在于稳定、持续经济增长过程中的社会就业、国际收支、收入分配、财政平衡等问题。此外，前一篇 文章是从西欧和美国经济史的角度进行考察的，本文则以当前我国社会主义经济作为考察的对象。I would like to go on with my observation of the relationship between education and economic growth on the basis of the speech I made and published two years ago. However, this paper has a different focus. While in my previous speech I looked into the major role education plays in expanding the economy and raising its growth rate, this paper underlines education’s important role in ensuring economic stability and sustained growth, and in providing effective solutions to problems that have occurred or may occur in the process of economic growth. In other words, my previous speech was about economic growth per se, whereas this paper is a study of employment, balance of international payments, income distribution, financial balance and other issues occurring in the process of stabilizing and sustaining economic growth. Furthermore, while my previous speech proceeded from the perspective of the economic history of Western Europe and America, this paper takes China’s socialist economy as its focus and background.
本文分为四部分，分别考察教育与社会就业、国际收支、收入分配、财政平衡之间的关系，说明教育在保证经济稳定、持续增长中的作用。This paper is delivered in four sections dealing respectively with education’s relationship with employment, balance of international payments, income distribution, and fiscal balance, so as to illustrate education’s role in guaranteeing economic stability and sustained growth.
编辑推荐：
厉以宁经典论文首次结集出版英文版，海外版已授权剑桥大学出版社
资深翻译家凌原翻译，附经济学术语对照表。
《中国经济改革发展之路》（英汉对照版）
厉以宁（著） 凌原（译）
外语教学与研究出版社
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