新概念文化大爆炸：奥林匹斯十二主神

欢迎您访问52ij英汉互译网，今天小编为你分享的英语知识是：【新概念文化大爆炸：奥林匹斯十二主神】，下面是详细的分享！

新概念文化大爆炸：奥林匹斯十二主神

还记得新概念三第3课《An unknown goddess》里那个modern-looking的女神吗？西方“神”的概念源自希腊神话，希腊神话源于古老的爱琴文明，和中国商周文明略有相像之处。他们是西洋文明的始祖，具有卓越的天性和不凡的想像力。在那原始时代，他们对自然现象，对人的生死，都感到神秘和难解，于是他们不断地幻想、不断地沉思。在他们想像中，宇宙万物都拥有生命。

奥林匹斯十二主神，是古代希腊神话传统崇拜的诸神中的主要神祇。这些神祇以宙斯为中心，居住在奥林匹斯山上。这些神祇中有十二位神，相对其他神祇更为重要，被称为奥林匹斯十二神。不过，由于不同时期有不同的神被列入十二主神之内，实际上享有这荣誉的神有14位。他们坐在奥林匹斯山的12把黄金椅子上。

今天我们就来认识一下奥林匹斯十二主神：

Zeus (Jupiter): King of the gods and ruler of Mount Olympus; god of the sky and thunder. Youngest child of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. Symbols include the thunderbolt, eagle, oak tree, scepter and scales. Brother and husband of Hera, although he had many lovers.宙斯（朱庇特）：宙斯是克洛诺斯之子，万神之王,主管天空。希腊神话中的至高神，掌握雷电，所以又被称为雷神。在母亲瑞亚的支持下，杀了父亲克洛诺斯，成为了第三代神王。性格极为好色，常背着妻子赫拉与其他女神 和凡人私通，私生子无数。

Hera (Juno): Queen of the gods and the goddess of marriage and family. Symbols include the peacock, pomegranate, crown, cuckoo, lion and cow. Youngest daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Wife and sister of Zeus. Being the goddess of marriage, she frequently tried to get revenge on Zeus' lovers and their children.赫拉（朱诺）：是克洛诺斯之女,宙斯的姐姐和妻子；她主管婚姻和生育,是妇女的保护神；赫拉气质高雅, 容颜美丽,且对伴侣忠贞不渝,无愧于天后的地位,但她的善妒亦闻名于世,因此,赫拉和宙斯经常发生激烈争吵,不过,通常宙斯的花言巧语又总能让他们和好如初。

Poseidon (Neptune): Lord of the seas, earthquakes and horses. Symbols include the horse, bull, dolphin and trident. Middle son of Cronus and Rhea. Brother of Zeus and Hades. Married to the Nereid Amphitrite, although, like most male Greek Gods, he had many lovers.波塞冬（涅普顿）：海王，宙斯的二哥，手持巨大三叉戟，统领海中所有生物。有被描写为半人半鱼的模样，呼风唤雨，撼动大地，风暴之主，万马之父（世界上第一匹马是波塞冬用大海的泡沫制作而成）。同宙斯一样，他也十分好色。

Dionysus (Bacchus): God of wine, celebrations and ecstasy. Patron god of the art of theatre. Symbols include the grapevine, ivy, cup, tiger, panther, leopard, dolphin and goat. Son of Zeus and the mortal Theban princess Semele. Married to the Cretan princess Ariadne. The youngest Olympian, as well as the only one to have been born of a mortal woman.狄俄尼索斯（巴克科斯）：与罗马人信奉的巴克斯是同一位神祗，他是古代希腊色雷斯人信奉的葡萄酒之神，他不仅握有葡萄酒醉人的力量，还以布施欢乐与慈爱在当时成为极有感召力的神，他推动了古代社会的文明并确立了法则，维护着世界的和平。此外，他还护佑着希腊的农业与戏剧文化。

Apollo ( Helios): God of light, knowledge, music, poetry, prophecy and archery. Symbols include the sun, lyre, bow and arrow, raven, dolphin, wolf, swan and mouse. Twin brother of Artemis. Youngest child of Zeus and Leto.阿波罗（赫利俄斯）：太阳神，宙斯和勒托之子，月神和狩猎女神阿尔忒弥斯的兄长，希腊十二大神诋之一。主掌光明，医药，文学，诗歌，音乐等。

Artemis ( Diana): Virgin goddess of the hunt, virginity, archery and all animals. Symbols include the moon, deer, hound, she-bear, snake, cypress tree and bow and arrow. Twin sister of Apollo. Eldest child of Zeus and Leto.阿尔特弥斯（狄安娜）：是阿波罗的孪生姐妹，（罗马名字：狄安娜）三位处女神明之一。月神，狩猎女神，纯洁之神。所以也被称为处女的保护神。她是野生物的主人，神界的主要猎手。身为女神的她，在空中是西伦，地上是阿尔特弥斯，阴间和黑暗阳间是海卡蒂。

Hermes (Mercury): Messenger of the Gods; god of commerce and thieves. Symbols include the caduceus (staff entwined with two snakes), winged sandals and cap, stork and tortoise (whose shell he used to invent the lyre). Son of Zeus and the nymph Maia. The second-youngest Olympian, just older than Dionysus. He married Dryope, the daughter of Dryops, and their son Pan became the god of nature, lord of the satyrs, inventor of the panpipes and comrade of Dionysus.赫耳墨斯（墨丘利）：宙斯与阿特拉斯的女儿迈亚所生的儿子。脚生双翼，速度如飞，成为天界众神传令的使者，后为旅人，商人，盗贼的保护神，经常化为凡人下界帮助保护者.是最聪明狡猾的神。

Athena (Minerva): Virgin goddess of wisdom, handicrafts, defence and strategic warfare. Symbols include the owl and the olive tree. Daughter of Zeus and the Oceanid Metis, she rose from her father's head fully grown and in full battle armor after he swallowed her mother.雅典娜（密涅瓦）：智慧女神和正义战争女神，是宙斯与聪慧女神墨提斯唯一的独生女，她是智慧女神兼和平女神(或称女战神),她勇敢、强大而又善良、仁慈,不过有时略有些小心眼,不愿别人比她强.她出生时宙斯头部剧烈疼痛，之后用大斧劈开后，雅典娜手持长枪，身披战甲；雅典娜是智慧与力量女神，为宙斯最宠爱的女儿，是奥林匹斯三大处女神明之一。雅典的守护神。

Ares (Mars): God of war, violence and bloodshed. Symbols include the boar, serpent, dog, vulture, spear and shield. Son of Zeus and Hera, all the other gods (excluding Aphrodite) despised him. His Latin name, Mars, gave us the word "martial."阿瑞斯（玛尔斯）：战神，是骁勇，凶残，狡诈，非理性的，为战争而战争的神（值得一提的是，虽然他骁勇善战，但是从未在与奥林匹斯神的战斗中获胜，曾被雅典娜打得落花流水）。曾与工匠之神的妻子爱与美之神阿佛洛狄忒[即罗马神话之维纳斯]私通，被装进一张工匠之神特制的大网中而无法脱身，供众神参观。（阿佛洛狄忒原为希腊神祇，后为罗马神话所吸收，称为维纳斯。）

Aphrodite (Venus): Goddess of love, beauty, and desire. Symbols include the dove, bird, apple, bee, swan, myrtle and rose. Daughter of Zeus and the Oceanid Dione, or perhaps born from the sea foam after Uranus' blood dripped onto the earth and into the sea after being defeated by his youngest son Cronus. Married to Hephaestus, although she had many adulterous affairs, most notably with Ares. Her name gave us the word "aphrodisiac".阿佛洛狄忒（ 维纳斯）：是希腊神话中的爱与美之神,宙斯与迪俄涅的女儿。拉丁语的金星和“星期五”都来源于她的罗马名字。在罗马神话中与阿佛洛狄忒相对应是维纳斯。阿佛洛狄忒是宙斯与狄俄涅所生，另一说是由天神乌拉诺斯的遗体生下并在海中的泡沫诞生。阿佛洛狄忒有着古希腊最完美的身段和样貌，象征爱情与女性的美丽，被认为是女性体格美的最高象征。

Hephaestus (Vulcan): Master blacksmith and craftsman of the gods; god of fire and the forge. Symbols include the fire, anvil, ax, donkey, hammer, tongs and quail. Son of Hera, either by Zeus or alone. After he was born, his parents threw him off Mount Olympus, and he landed on the island of Lemnos. Married to Aphrodite, though unlike most divine husbands, he was rarely ever licentious. His Latin name, Vulcan, gave us the word "volcano."赫菲斯托斯（乌尔肯）：希腊神话中的火神与匠神。奥林匹斯十二主神之一。罗马神话中为伏尔甘（Vulcan)。西方语言中的“火山”一词来源于他的罗马名字。宙斯和赫拉所生（一说他只有母亲）。能建筑神殿，制作各种武器和金属用品，技艺高超，被认为工匠的始祖。在手工业中心，他被奉为锻造的庇护神。

Demeter (Ceres): Goddess of fertility, agriculture, nature, and the seasons. Symbols include the poppy, wheat, torch, and pig. Middle daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Her Latin name, Ceres, gave us the word cereal.德墨忒尔（刻瑞斯）：丰产、农林女神，她是克罗诺斯与瑞亚的女儿，宙斯的二姐与第四位妻子。