英国船级社的历史由来是什么？

精选知识

船级社（英语：Classification society,或称验船协会、有时统称为验船机构）是一个建立和维护船舶和离岸设施的建造和操作的相关技术标准的机构.通常为民间组织.

船级社最早产生 于二百三十年前的英国.十八世纪中,英国伦敦泰晤士河畔设有若干的咖啡馆,从事船舶生意的人们常在此聚谈,其中营业最盛者是爱德华·劳埃德,所有船舶和货 物保险,大部分均在该咖啡馆办理,于是形成了海上保险的中心.由于保险需要了解船舶的技术状况,遂于1760年成立了劳埃德船级社（就是我们俗称的劳氏船级社）,并开始实施船舶检验和 登记入级.初期的验船师大多是退休的船长和船上的木匠,经验丰富,能一验便知船舶优劣（那时都是木帆船）.他们最初把船体技术状况划分为五类：A（最 好）、E（较好）、I（中等）、O（较坏）、U（最坏）；又将所备帆、锚等分为三类：G（好）、 M（中）、B（坏）.后来逐步根据需要,变革到现在的入级符号.Classification一词原是分级的意思,现在成为入级,不在对船舶划分等级.只 要船舶建造符合船级社的建造规范,并经检验合格,该船即在该船级社入级.

　　劳氏船级社成立以后,鉴于船级社的作用和实际需要,各航运发达国家、以及有些发展中国家,也相继成立了自己的船级机构,以便发展航运事业和增强国际竞争能力.迄今世界上已有近50家船级社.

其他类似问题

问题1：英国船级社和德国船级社的比较?都哪方面做的好?

LR（英国劳氏船级社）是世界上字古老,最资深的船级社,要比DNV,ABS等等的船级社都要有名气,是以资深著称的船级社.可以说是目前世界上第2大,权威的船级社.

GL（德国劳氏船级社）是一家后来兴起的船级社,是以集装箱船著称的船级社,这个船级社在集装箱船比较NB.但是其他的一般,而且入级的船舶也比较少.口碑比较差,因为09年因为经济危机只有GL一家船级社裁人,裁了500多验船师,这把GL的声誉降低非常多.

总体来说LR的名誉,声望,地位都要比GL大很多.而且入级的船也比较多,发展和成长多要比GL好很多.所有的船级社只有做验船师是最有发展的,或者去做审图也是不错的.做设备检验是比较有“钱”途的.其他的都没什么前途.

PS：DNV（挪威船级社）是以权威著称的船级社,不论在标准,声望,名誉上都是数一数2的.就是资深没有LR老,但是在检验标准权威上,绝对是船级社中的领导,DNV船级社的要求是最规范的,而且经过DNV监造过的船,所有国家,而且所有地方的海关基本都会放行,或者免检的.

希望对LB有帮助!

问题2：英国国旗的所代表的意义,历史由来?要中文版的哦 谢谢

英国国旗：呈横长方形,长与宽之比为2∶1.为“米”字旗,由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成.旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治,白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁,红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克.此旗产生于1801年,是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成.

问题3：为什么说英国历史是一部被入侵的历史,请用英语解释[英语科目]

This question should be traced back to the 3rd ice age,there were people lived in Briton island.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.They came from the Europe Continent and settled down at the southeast of Briton Island.About 700 B.C.,the Celts from the west of Europe started to move in these islands,one of them names Britons.At that time,the Celts had already know the usage of iron,the technology of plough was continuing develop,and the began to use currency.The productivity development promotes the differential of the Celts society.

Then it comes the Rome Invasion.During the Gallic Wars,Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice,in 55 and 54 B.C.The first invasion was made in summer,it was unsuccessful,but it paved the way for the second one which was happened in 43 A.D.the Roman emperor Claudiu started another incasion in Britain.This time he succeed.The Romans ruled Brtian for almost 300 years.

In 408 A.D.the roman has to withdrawl from this island,it was owned by the people from Northern Europe,They were know as the Gemantic people,it divided into three tribes,Angles,Saxons and Jutes.The Celts became slaves and many of them were killed.

By 850 AD,the country was under sustained attacks from Viking raids.This is the Denmark invasion.After the death of the emperor's grandson,the Anglo-Saxon people gain the country back,but by the 11th century,the Vikings came back again.this period the emperor is Harold.after his death,there's no strong English successor

Norman Conquest:in 1066 took place on the last successful invasion of England.Duke William of Mormandy in the battle of Hasting defeated the British,the Normans from France and others come here to settle.In the ensuing three centuries,the French became the language of nobility,the legal structure has been the English Channel on the other side of the passage of that set of consequences,and social structure,to some extent been affected.

Above all are the mailnly invasion history of this country,hopes it helpful.I have some more in detail if you need.

问题4：英国国旗的所代表的意义,要英文版的哦,[英语科目]

British flag :Flag known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland :The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland flag M is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the Union Jack flag.The first meters in the Union Jack on April 12,1606 when England,Scotland and James I of England reunification birth.It is from England,Scotland and St.George's Cross of St.Andrew's cross playwrights.But this banner in the face today is not the flag of dark blue with light blue instead.Wales has been in England since the early conquest surrounded by Eduardo life is a part of England,there is no time on the British flag.Today's word-meter flag was born in January 1,1801,the British component of the United Kingdom and Ireland.St.Patrick's Irish Red Cross water meters and re-flag banner with the words,and thus the word today meter flag.In fact,the royal family is the first m characters flag banner Even today,and Britain has not recognized by law meters to the British Union Jack flag,but it has no functional difference with the national flag.In 1908 the British Parliament declared that the "rice British Union Jack flag should be considered." British Interior Minister declared that 1933 is "the British flag is the Union Jack." Many of the former British colonies on the Union Jack flag in the upper left corner to meters,to show the relationship with the United Kingdom.Those countries include Australia and New Zealand.The use of the national flag of Canada in 1965,there are meters characters flag designs.Chinese national flag :Before the founding of New China,June 16,1949,the first preparatory meeting of the CPPCC National Committee meeting,decided to set up a development the national flag,national emblem,national anthem,the program team,which issued Call for Papers.Material on the job one month before the domestic incident in 1920,the 1992 rate design.The candidates have their own national programs,such as the Tan Kah Kee hammer-sickle flag is the flag design; Guo Moruo design of the flag are two long,the birthplace of the Chinese nation symbol of the Yangtze and the Yellow River; Zhu blue rectangular design of the flag to the upper left corner,containing a red five-pointed star,symbol of a clear sky.After careful selection of these images,pictorial issued to elect 38 deputies to increase,so we appraisals.Finalization of the complex pictorial characters No.32,and Mao Zedong in September 27 to review the first plenary session of the CPPCC National Committee formally adopted for the state flag of the PRC.Zeng Liansong,the designers in front of this flag is an ordinary economic Shanghai workers.The moral is :A Big Star flag to guide the last few small satellite around then,the struggle to form a symbol of power and Gongbei trend,namely,the Communist Party of China Star,a small behalf of the Chinese people,united party and the people from victory to victory.In determining the number of small satellites,he think of Chairman Mao "On People's Democratic Dictatorship" the article said :"Four people,including class,or the working class,peasant class,the petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie."So he decided to sing on behalf of four small majority of the people.Since then,the five-star red flag as the official flag of the PRC.Flag reference specifications supporting surface 288cmX192cm flagpole height of 12 meters to 15 meters 1 # 2 # 3 # 192cmX128cm 240cmX160cm 9 meters to 12 meters to 19 meters meters 144cmX96cm 4 # 5 # 4 m to 6 m and 1.5 m to 3 m 96cmX64cm British flag :Flag known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland :The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland flag M is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the Union Jack flag.The first meters in the Union Jack on April 12,1606 when England,Scotland and James I of England reunification birth.It is from England,Scotland and St.George's Cross of St.Andrew's cross playwrights.But this banner in the face today is not the flag of dark blue with light blue instead.Wales has been in England since the early conquest surrounded by Eduardo life is a part of England,there is no time on the British flag.Today's word-meter flag was born in January 1,1801,the British component of the United Kingdom and Ireland.St.Patrick's Irish Red Cross water meters and re-flag banner with the words,and thus the word today meter flag.In fact,the royal family is the first m characters flag banner Even today,and Britain has not recognized by law meters to the British Union Jack flag,but it has no functional difference with the national flag.In 1908 the British Parliament declared that the "rice British Union Jack flag should be considered." British Interior Minister declared that 1933 is "the British flag is the Union Jack." Many of the former British colonies on the Union Jack flag in the upper left corner to meters,to show the relationship with the United Kingdom.Those countries include Australia and New Zealand.The use of the national flag of Canada in 1965,there are meters characters flag designs.

问题5：英国传统节日是什么?饮食习惯又是什么?

　　英国有很多传统节日与活动.据统计,英国全年全国性和地方性的节日有106个,其主要节日有：　　1.New Year’s Day（元旦）,每年1月1日庆祝新的一年开始.人们举办各种各样的新年晚会,女王发表新年祝辞,各种教堂在除夕夜都做守岁礼拜.　　2.St.Valentine’s Day（情人节）,每年2月14日,是3世纪殉教的圣徒圣华伦泰逝世纪念日.情人们在这一天互赠礼物,故称“情人节”.　　3.St.Patrick’s Day（圣帕特里克节）,每年3月17日,是悼念爱尔兰的守护神圣帕特里克的节日.　　4.Holy Saturday（圣星期六）,是Easter的前一天.　　5.Easter（复活节）,一般在每年春分后月圆第一个星期天,约在3月21日左右.该节日是庆祝基督（Jesus Christ）的复活,过节时人们多吃复活节彩蛋（Easter eggs）.　　6.Easter Monday（复活节次日）,是Easter的第二天.　　7.Good Friday（耶稣受难日）,复活节前的星期五,教堂举行仪式纪念耶稣受难.在英国这一天是公假,人们吃传统的热十字糕（hot cross buns）.　　8.Ascension Day（耶稣升天节）,是Easter第40天之后的星期四,也称为Holy Thursday.　　9.Pentecost（圣灵降临日）,是Easter后的第7个星期天,也称为White Sunday.　　10.April Fool’s Day（愚人节）,每年4月1日,该节日出自于庆祝“春分点”（vernal equinox）的来临,在4月1日受到恶作剧愚弄的人称为“四月愚人”（April Fools）.