斯·茨威格请问哪位能提供 S.茨威格的英文简介

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Austrian biographer, essayist, short story writer, and cosmopolitan, who advocated the idea of an united Europe under one government. Zweig achieved fame with his vivid and psychoanalytically-oriented biographies of historical characters. Among his best-known works is BAUMEISTER DER WELT (1936, translated as Master Builders), a collection of his biographical studies. Zweig was a prolific writer. In the 1930s he was one of the most widely translated authors in the world. His extensive travels led him to India, Africa, North and Central America, and Russia. Among his friends were Maksim Gorky, Rainer Maria Rilke, Auguste Rodin, and Arturo Toscanini.

Stefan Zweig was born in Vienna as the son of Moritz Zweig, a wealthy Jewish textile manufacturer, and Ida (Brettauer) Zweig, the daughter of an Italian banker family. However, religion did not play a central role in his education. "My mother and father were Jewish only through accident of birth," Zweig said later in an interview. His early life Zweig devoted to aesthetic matters. Although his essays were accepted by the Zionist leader Theodor Herzl, literary editor of the Neue Freie Presse, Zweig was not attracted to Herzl's Jewish nationalism. Zweig studied in Austria, France, and Germany. By 1904 he had earned a doctorate from Vienna University - his dissertation dealt with Hippolyte Taine. Before settling in Salzburg in 1913, Zweig traveled widely. In 1914 he married Friderike Maria Burger von Winternitz (1882-1971), who had started to send him fan mail already in 1901. She became also a writer; they were together for more than twenty years. Friderike had two daughters from her previous marriage.

Zweig's first work, SILBERNE SAITEN, a collection of poems, appeared in 1901. His antiwar play, JEREMIAH, which he wrote in 1917 while still in the army, was produced in Switzerland. The Biblical play was inspired by World War I. In New York it was performed in 1939. Zweig's other early plays include TERSITES (1907), a tragedy written in blank-verse, and DAS HAUSE AM MEER (1912), which dramatized the American Revolutionary War.

In Salzburg, a city of 17th- and 18th-century houses, Zweig lived for nearly twenty years, also traveling a good deal. During World War I, he worked in the archives of the Austrian War Office. When his pacifist views alarmed authorities, he had to move to Zürich. Berlin and especially its nightlife of the Twenties appalled Zweig: "Along the entire Kurfürstendamm powdered and rouged young men sauntered and they were not all professionals; every high school boy wanted to earn some money and in the dimly lit bars one might see government official and men of the world of finance tenderly courting drunken sailors without any shame."

Zweig gained first fame as a poet and translator, and then as a biographer, short-story writer, and novelist. His collections of autographs and manuscripts grew into a unique collection. In one of his stories, 'Buchmendel' (1929) Zweig portrayed a Galician bookseller, whose customer, Jakob Mendel, "knew nothing about the world, for all the phenomena of existence only began to be real for him when they were moulded into letters, gathered in a book and, as it were, sterilized. He did not read even these books, however, for their meaning, for their intellectual and narrative content: it was only their names, their prices, their physical appearance, and their title-pages, that attracted his passion." The narrator's ambivalence towards Mendel has been interpreted as a kind of self-criticism - Zweig was aware of his own tendency to "conceive culture as a glass bead game of the the spirit." (The 'Jewish Question' in German Literature 1749-1939 by Ritchie Robertson, 2002)

Zweig was interested in the teachings of Sigmund Freud, which influenced also his biographies, and translated works from such authors as Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, and Émile Verhaeren. Among Zweig's works from the 1920s are a study of Friedrich Nietzsche in Master Builders (1925), STERNSTUNDEN DER MENSCHHEIT (1928), a biography of the French statesman Joseph Fouché (1929), and short story collection Conflicts (1925). Zweig's essays include portraits of Honoré de Balzac, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Friedrich Hölderlin, and Heinrich von Kleist. In Casanova, whom Zweig dismissed as "a mere pretender in the world of letters", he admired his ability to make friends with emperors and kings, and secure immortality. The essay was published in DREI DICHTER IHRES LEBENS (1928, Adepts in Self-Portraiture). Erasmus, the famous Duch humanist, Zweig considered his spirirual ancestor ("the most eloquent advocate of the humanist ideal of friendship towards the world and the spirit"), and portrayed him in TRIUMPH UND TRAGIK DES ERASMUS ROTTERDAM (1934, Erasmus of Rotterdam). Luther represented the opposite of Erasmus, "the revolutionary; driven by the demonic energies lurking in the German people". With his views about Germany's "national spirit" Zweig was not alone - the book was published a few years after the Nazis had seized power.

During the years at Salzburg, Zweig began to suspect that Hitler's persecution of Jews was directed at him personally. He never recovered from this paranoia. EINE BLASSBLAUE FRAUENSCHRIFT (1941), set in prewar Vienna, showed how anti-Semitism had spread into all levels of the state apparatus. The protagonist, an influential government official and an opportunist, is morally too weak to change anything in his life or restore his integrity. DIE SCHWEIGSAME FRAU (1935), an opera for which Zweig wrote the libretto and Richard Strauss composed the music, was banned by the Nazis and Zweig was driven into exile. He immigrated first to England to do research work for the book on Mary, Queen of Scots. He also visited Freud, whom he had met already in the 1920s. UNGEDULD DES HERZENS (1938), a black love story, shows Zweig's familiarity with the psychoanalytical idea of the sense of guilt. Anton Hofmiller, the narrator, is drawn into the life of a young, crippled girl. Hofmiller responds to her need to be loved with feelings of guilt and pity, eventually defects her and she commits suicide.

In 1938 Zweig became a British citizen, and in 1940, after a successful lecture tour in South America, he settled in Brazil. Zweig had divorced Friderike in 1938 and the next year married Charlotte Altmann, his secretary from 1933; she was twenty-seven years his junior. In Brazil: A Land of the Future (1941) Zweig examined the history, economy, culture of the country, and depicted his impressions of the cities. Quoting Amerigo Vespucci, he describes how the first European seamen saw the new land: "If paradise on earth exists anywhere in the world, it cannot lie very far from here!"

The fall of Singapore in 1942 made Zweig fear that Nazism would eventually conquer the world. Disillusioned and isolated, Zweig committed suicide with his wife near Rio de Janeiro on February 23, 1942. Brazil's populist dictator, Getulio Vargas, ordered that the burial expenses should be paid by the state. Zweig's nostalgic but rather impersonal memoirs of the "Golden Age of Security", The World of Yesterday, was published posthumously in 1943. The work did not have any reference to his marriage, but it nevertheless condemned puritanical attitudes and sexual hypocrisy. Like Joseph Roth in Radetzkymarsch (1932), Zweig could not accept cultural values of his day, but did not idealize the prewar Hapsburg Empire. "Even in the abyss of despair in which today, half-blinded, we grope about with distorted and broken souls, I look again and again to those old star patterns that shone over my childhood, and comfort myself with the inherited confidence that this collapse will appear, in days to come, as a mere interval in the eternal rhythm of the onward and onward."

The Royal Game, also published in 1943, used two games of chess to illustrate the psychology of Nazism. Mirko Czentovic, a semiliterate son of a Danube boatman, "incapable of writing any sentence in any language without making spelling mistakes", travels on a ship from Europe to South America. However, he is the world chess champion. He wins the first game, but the second against Dr. B., a Viennese lawyer and refuge, occupies the central part of the story. Dr. B. has started to play chess with himself in solitary confinement, when he was arrested by Gestapo. During his game against Czentovic he breaks down. "But are we not already guilty of an insulting limitation in calling chess a game? Isn't it also a science, and art, hovering between these two categories like Muhammad's coffin hovered between heaven and earth?" As in Vladimir Nabokov's novel The Defense (1930), chess becomes an allegory of alienation, in which people, estranged from life, move like characters on a giant chessboard.

In World Authors 1900-1950, vol. 4. (1996) Zweig wrote, that "my main interest in writing has always been the psychological representation of personalities and their lives and this was also the reason which prompted me to write various essays and biographical studies of well-known personalities". The popularity of Zweig's biographies has gradually declined and his humanism, based on the values of the late nineteenth-century Viennese liberalism, has been an easy target for criticism. However, his work still offer inspiring insights into the lives of great historical figures and are good sources for further investigation. Several of Zweig's stories have been filmed - the best-know is perhaps Letter From an Unknown Woman, directed by Max Ophuls (1947), starring Joan Fontaine and Louis Jourdan.

其他类似问题

问题1：茨威格的简介别超过300字介绍关于 姓名 国籍 评价 代表作等..

斯蒂芬·茨威格(Stefan Zweig,1881－1942)是奥地利的著名作家,从二十年代起,他“以德语创作赢得了不让于英、法语作品的广泛声誉”.他善于运用各种体裁,写过诗、小说、戏剧、文论、传记,还从事过文学翻译,但他的作品中以传记和小说最为著称.

问题2：茨威格简介

　　斯蒂芬·茨威格（Stefan Zweig,1881～1942年）,奥地利著名作家、小说家、传记作家.擅长写小说、人物传记,也写诗歌戏剧、传记、散文特写和翻译作品.作品有《月光小巷》《看不见的珍藏》《一个陌生女人的来信》《象棋的故事》《伟大的悲剧》等.他的小说多写人的下意识活动和人在激情驱使下的命运遭际.他的作品以人物的性格塑造及心理刻画见长,他比较喜欢某种戏剧性的情节.但他不是企图以情节的曲折、离奇去吸引读者,而是在生活的平淡中烘托出使人流连忘返的人和事.

　　他出身于富裕的犹太家庭.青年时代在维也纳和柏林攻读哲学和文学.后去世界各地游历,结识罗曼·罗兰和罗丹等人,并受到他们的影响.第一次世界大战时从事反战工作,成为著名的和平主义者.二十年代赴苏联,认识了高尔基.1934年遭纳粹驱逐,先后流亡英国、巴西.1942年在孤寂与感觉理想破灭中与妻子双双自杀.

　　斯蒂芬·茨威格从二十世纪二十年代起,“以德语创作赢得了不让于英、法语作品的广泛声誉”.他善于运用各种体裁,写过诗、小说、戏剧、文论、传记,还从事过文学翻译.他在诗、短论、小说、戏剧和人物传记写作方面均有过人的造诣,但他的作品中尤以小说和人物传记最为著称.茨威格对心理学与弗洛伊德学说感兴趣,作品擅长细致的性格刻画,以及对奇特命运下个人遭遇和心灵的热情的描摹.其作品在世界范围都有着经久不衰的魅力,国内多家出版社在近年内出版过几乎所有他的传记著作和小说文集.

　　其代表作有小说《最初的经历》、《马来狂人》、《恐惧》、《感觉的混乱》、《人的命运转折点》（又译《人生转折点》）、《一个陌生女人的来信》（又译《一个陌生女子的来信》）、《象棋的故事》、《一个女人一生中的24小时》《滑铁卢之战》、《危险的怜悯》等；回忆录《昨日的世界》；传记《异端的权利》、《麦哲伦航海纪》、《断头王后》、《人类群星闪耀的时刻》（又译《人类的群星闪耀时》）、《三位大师》、《同精灵的斗争》、《三个描摹自己生活的诗人》等.

问题3：斯蒂芬茨威格的精神 谁知道 .斯蒂芬茨威格的精神啊.

把易于弥散的意志关注在一件事情上,是他从罗丹身上悟到的精神

问题4：斯蒂芬茨威格的小故事

1933年希特勒上台,茨威格于次年移居英国.1938年入英国籍.不久离英赴美.1940年到巴西,时值法西斯势力猖獗,作家目睹他的“精神故乡欧洲”的沉沦而感到绝望,遂于1942年2月22日同他的第二位夫人在里约热内卢近郊的寓所内双双服毒自杀.他的回忆录《昨日的世界》（1942）、小说《象棋的故事》（1941）以及未完成的长篇传记作品《巴尔扎克》都在作者死后先后出版.1982年在作者的遗稿中又发现了一部长篇小说的手稿《富贵梦》.1933年希特勒上台,茨威格于次年移居英国.1938年入英国籍.不久离英赴美.1940年到巴西,时值法西斯势力猖獗,作家目睹他的“精神故乡欧洲”的沉沦而感到绝望,遂于1942年2月22日同他的第二位夫人伊丽莎白·奥特曼（33岁）在里约热内卢近郊的佩特罗波利斯小镇的寓所内双双服毒自杀.病理学家认定他们是在中午到下午的4点钟之间死去的,服用了巴比妥,警察发现时,茨威格与妻子拥躺在床上,一瓶矿泉水放在床边的桌子上.一代文豪就这样离开了这个世界.

问题5：斯蒂芬·茨威格个人简介

茨威格简介

斯·茨威格(1881—1942),生于维也纳,奥地利著名小说家、传记作家,出身于富裕的犹太家庭.青年时代在维也纳和柏林攻读哲学和文学.后去世界各地游历,结识罗曼·曼兰和罗丹等人,并受到他们的影响.第一次世界大战时从事反战工作,成为著名的和平主义者.二十年代赴苏联,认识了高尔基.1934年遭纳粹驱逐,先后流亡英国、巴西.1942年在孤寂与感觉理想破灭中与妻子双双自杀.茨威格在诗、短论、小说、戏剧和人物传记写作方面均有过人的造诣,尤以小说和人物传记见长.代表作有小说《最初的经历》、《马来狂人》

、《恐惧》、《感觉的混乱》、《人的命运转折点》、《一个陌生女人的来信》、《象棋的故事》、《一个女人一生中的二十四小时》、《危险的怜悯》等；传记《三位大师》、《同精灵的斗争》、《三个描摹自己生活的诗人》等.茨威格对心理学与弗洛伊德学说感兴趣,小说诗歌文学作品擅长细致的性格刻画,以及对奇特命运下个人遭遇和心灵的热情的描摹.